Data Types & Casting

Djazair features a clean set of primitive and compound data types. Every value carries its own type metadata at runtime, inspectable using type(v).

Primitive Data Types

Type	Description	Example Literal
`Int`	Signed 32-bit integer for counts, indexing, and arithmetic.	`42`, `-17`, `100_000`
`Float`	IEEE 754 64-bit double precision floating-point number.	`3.14159`, `-0.5`, `1.0`
`String`	Immutable, UTF-8 encoded text sequence.	`"hello"`, `multiline`
`Bool`	Boolean truth values: `True` and `False`.	`True`, `False`
`Null`	Represents the intentional absence of any value.	`Null`

Compound & Object Types

Type	Description	Example Literal
`Array`	Ordered dynamic list supporting mixed types and nested structures.	`[1, "two", True, [3, 4]]`
`Map`	Hash table storing key-value associations of any types.	`{"name": "Riad", "age": 30}`
`Range`	Inclusive integer sequence for loops and slicing.	`0..5`, `10 to 20`
`Function`	First-class callable closures or native function pointers.	`fn(x) => x * 2`
`Class / Instance`	Object-oriented classes and instantiated objects.	`class User ... end`

Explicit Type Casting

Djazair provides five global conversion functions: int(), float(), str(), bool(), and num():

djazair

# Converting to Int
let a = int("42")       # 42
let b = int(3.99)       # 3 (truncation)
let c = int(True)       # 1

# Converting to Float
let d = float("3.14")   # 3.14
let e = float(10)       # 10.0

# Converting to String
let f = str(123)        # "123"
let g = str(True)       # "True"
let h = str(Null)       # "Null"

# Converting to Boolean (Truthy / Falsy semantics)
print(bool(1))          # True
print(bool(0))          # False
print(bool("hello"))    # True
print(bool(""))         # False
print(bool([]))         # False (empty collections are falsy)
print(bool(Null))       # False

# num() parses strings to either int or float automatically
print(num("100"))       # 100 (Int)
print(num("100.5"))     # 100.5 (Float)

Type Introspection

You can check a value's runtime type with type(v) or use dedicated type predicate functions:

djazair

let val = [1, 2, 3]

print(type(val))        # => Array
print(isArray(val))     # => True
print(isString(val))    # => False
print(isNumber(42))     # => True
print(isNull(Null))     # => True