Bytes Module

Import using: use bytes

Creation & Conversion

• bytes.alloc(size) - Create byte array of given size (all zeros). O(n).
• bytes.fromString(str) - String to UTF-8 byte array (character ordinals).
• bytes.toString(byteArray) - Byte array to UTF-8 string.
• bytes.fromInteger(n, byteCount) - Unsigned integer to big-endian byte array.
• bytes.toInteger(byteArray) - Big-endian byte array to unsigned integer.
• bytes.bytesToHex(byteArray) - Byte array to hex string.
• bytes.hexToBytes(hexStr) - Hex string to byte array.

use bytes
let arr = bytes.alloc(4)
print(str(arr))              # [0, 0, 0, 0]
let str = bytes.fromString("Hi")
print(str(str))             # [72, 105]
print(bytes.toString(str))  # Hi
let hex = bytes.bytesToHex(str)
print(hex)                   # 4869
let back = bytes.hexToBytes(hex)
print(bytes.toString(back))  # Hi
let num = bytes.fromInteger(255, 2)
print(str(num))              # [0, 255]
print(str(bytes.toInteger(num)))  # 255

Manipulation

• bytes.length(byteArray) - Number of bytes.
• bytes.slice(byteArray, startIdx, endIdx) - Extract sub-array [start, end).
• bytes.copy(byteArray) - Deep copy.
• bytes.fill(byteArray, val) - Fill in-place with given value (0-255).
• bytes.concat(a, b) - Concatenate two byte arrays (mutates first).
• bytes.equal(a, b) - Compare by value, not by reference.

use bytes
let a = bytes.fromString("Hello")
let sliced = bytes.slice(a, 0, 3)
print(bytes.toString(sliced))  # Hel
let copy = bytes.copy(a)
print(str(bytes.equal(a, copy)))  # True
bytes.fill(a, 65)
print(bytes.toString(a))     # AAAAA
let b = bytes.fromString(" World")
bytes.concat(a, b)
print(bytes.toString(a))     # Hello World